166 research outputs found
Expanding actorness to explain EU External engagement in originally internal policy areas
© 2018, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Despite its increasing importance for European integration, there remains a lack of scholarly attention to the growth of EU external action in originally internal policy areas. This article advances a comprehensive framework for understanding and explaining the emergence of EU external engagement in such areas. It combines insights from two sets of literatures: the EU external relations literature offers useful conceptsâparticularly âactornessââas building blocks for explanatory purposes, while the public policy literature provides relevant insights regarding policy entrepreneurship and agenda-setting. The article contends that EU external engagement results from a favourable interplay between an external âopportunityâ and the EUâs âpresenceâ in a given domain, which is identified and capitalized upon by a set of policy entrepreneurs, who are driven by interest-based and/or ideational motives. To evaluate the salience of the framework, the article applies it across several policy areas.status: publishe
The discovery of ash dieback in the UK: the making of a focusing event
Why did the identification of âAsh Diebackâ (Chalara Fraxinea) in 2012 in the UK catch the national media, public and political zeitgeist, and lead to policy changes, in a way that no other contemporary tree pest or pathogen outbreak has?The identification of Ash Dieback in the UK is conceptualised as a successful âfocusing eventâ and the ways in which it was socially constructed by the media, stakeholders and the government are analysed. National newspaper coverage contributed to the way that the disease was understood and was significant in driving the political response. Ash Diebackâs focal power derived from the perceived scale and nature of its impact; the initial attribution of blame on government; the âwar-likeâ response from the government; and Ashâs status as a threatened ânativeâ tree. The Ash Dieback focusing event has increased the salience of plant health issues amongst policymakers, the public and conservation organisations in the UK
The Refederalization of American Health Care
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69090/2/10.1177_107755878704400103.pd
Democracy and governance networks: compatible or not?
The relationship between representative democracy and governance networks is investigated
at a theoretical level. Four conjectures about the relationship are defined. The
incompatibility conjectures rests on the primacy of politics and sees governance networks as a
threat. The complementarity conjecture presents governance networks as a means of enabling
greater participation in the policy process and sensitivity in programme implementation. The
transitional conjecture posits a wider evolution of governance forms towards network
relationships. The instrumental conjecture views governance networks as a powerful means
through which dominant interests can achieve their goals. Illustrative implications for theory
and practice are identified, in relation to power in the policy process, the public interest, and
the role of public managers. The heuristic potential of the conjectures is demonstrated
through the identification of an outline research agenda
Integration between Womenâs and Menâs Football Clubs: A Comparison between Brazil, China and Italy
Despite an increasing interest from media and fans, one of the challenges womenâs football currently faces is the lack of resources to sustain its growth at both grassroots and elite levels. To cope with this issue, National Associations (NAs) of various countries have recently formulated a policy demanding menâs football clubs to integrate a womenâs team within their structure. Using the Multiple Streams Framework (Kingdon, 1984), this article examines the context, timing and conditions leading to the implementation of the policy of integration in three different countries: Brazil, China and Italy. The authors collected and analysed policy documents and media reports to identify factors influencing the policy formulation. Results indicate declining performances of senior womenâs national team, low participation rates, external pressures from supranational football institutions and increased societal need to reduce gender disparities contribute to influence NAsâ engagement with policies for the development of womenâs football. While potentially helping womenâs football enhance its visibility and commercialisation, the policy of integration risks the womenâs game continuing to be seen as subaltern to its menâs counterpart. Implications of the policy of integration for the long-term development of womenâs football and its possible future scenarios are discussed
Influencing resilience: The role of policy entrepreneurs in mainstreaming climate adaptation
One way to make development pathways more resilient in the face of a changing climate has been through mainstreaming adaptation into government policies, planning and sectoral decisionâmaking. To date, many of the transferable lessons have taken the form of technical approaches such as risk assessments and toolkits. This article instead draws on evidence from South Asia to emphasise some of the more tacit and informal approaches used to influence adaptation policy. Despite their apparent significance in policy processes, such tactics are often neither planned for nor well reported in resilienceâbuilding projects and programme documents. Using evidence to populate a typology of influencing strategies, this article looks particularly at the role of policy entrepreneurs who navigate the political complexity of both formal and informal governance systems to promote successful adaptation mainstreaming. It concludes with recommendations for adaptation and resilience programming that can more effectively harness the breadth of influencing strategies
The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge
Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action
Knowledge actors and the construction of new governing panoramas:The case of the European Commissionâs DG Education and Culture
RESUMO: Este artigo aborda o tema da governança da educação na Europa. Esse espaço da polĂtica tem sido dominado por grandes interesses e organizaçÔes transnacionais, entre as quais se destacam a Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento EconĂŽmico (OCDE) e a ComissĂŁo Europeia (CE). Este artigo procura explorar e explicar quais sĂŁo os efeitos constitutivos que as prĂĄticas sistemĂĄticas de 'medição' e de estandardização tĂȘm na intensificação da convergĂȘncia entre a Direção-Geral de Educação e Cultura da CE e a OCDE, a qual, por meio do PISA e de outros testes internacionais, tornou-se um ator influente na polĂtica educativa em uma escala global. O artigo pretende identificar os feitos do 'governo pelos nĂșmeros' nas interdependĂȘncias criadas entre as duas organizaçÔes internacionais
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